Western Governors University (WGU) ICSC2211 D684 Introduction to Computer Science Practice Test

The definition of hardware in computing refers to the tangible, physical components that are integral to a computer's operation. This includes items like the central processing unit (CPU), memory (RAM), hard drives, motherboards, and various peripherals such as keyboards and monitors. These components work together to perform the necessary tasks required for a computer to operate and execute software programs.

In contrast, the other options describe different aspects of computing. Software programs pertain to the non-physical, coded instructions that a computer follows to perform tasks, while network systems relate to the infrastructure facilitating communication between devices. Additionally, protocols for internet communication define the rules and standards for data transfer across networks, rather than representing physical hardware. Thus, the identification of hardware as the physical components embodies the essence of what hardware is in the realm of computing.