What does 'OOP' stand for?

'Object-Oriented Programming' is the correct answer because it describes a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects," which can contain data as well as code: data in the form of fields (often known as attributes or properties), and code in the form of procedures (often known as methods). OOP is instrumental in software engineering as it promotes greater flexibility and maintainability in code through principles like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

This paradigm enables developers to structure software in a way that models real-world entities, making it easier to understand and work with complex software systems. The adoption of OOP has led to the development of many popular programming languages, including Java, C++, and Python, each of which utilizes these principles to provide robust solutions to programming challenges.

The other options do not accurately reflect widely recognized programming terminology found in computer science literature.